We owe the notions of surface and in-depth learning to Ference Marton and Roger Säljö, two Swedish researchers from the field of psychology. They were the first to find that the adoption of in-depth learning strategies was associated with a higher level of student success than so-called "surface" learning. Here are seven strategies that are essential for in-depth learning.

"What is important is rarely urgent, and what is urgent is rarely important." These are the words of the 34th President of the United States, who is said to have created the famous matrix that bears his name. This time and priority management tool is particularly appreciated for its ease of use and versatility. Like any tool of its kind, it is not perfect, but a few tips can help you get the most out of it!

The way we perceive the learning process influences the way we approach learning tasks and thus the quality of our learning outcomes. As we saw in a previous article, adults face six different conceptions of the learning process.

Learning probably means different things to you than it does to your neighbour. Researchers who have explored the issue have found that there are six distinct ways of thinking about the learning process. This perception about learning is not trivial, since it influences how everyone approaches learning tasks, which ultimately affects the quality of their learning outcomes.